Population Environment And The Slums Of Mumbai - 2067 Words

INTRODUCTION: This research paper focuses on the population-environment dynamics in the slums of Mumbai. It mainly discusses the impact of the growing slum population on water quality in Mumbai. First, the research question and null hypotheses were stated based on the population, environment, social and cultural contexts. Readings from class and other peer reviewed articles were used to support the stated hypotheses and highlight the important aspects of the case study. Next, the important population characteristics were discussed and compared to other relevant places and a summary of the environmental and social context was also provided. Finally, the population-environment relationship was summarized for the chosen case site (Null hypotheses true or not) and implications of human actions on the natural world were discussed. RESEARCH QUESTION AND HYPOTHESES: Mumbai, India’s financial hub is home to more than 20 million people. Historically, slum growth in Mumbai was a result of population growth far beyond the total carrying capacity. It resulted in overuse of traditional land, displacing a heavy chunk of the lower-middle class population to informal settlements. Villages like Dharavi, Byculla and Khar with small scale industries got converted into slums during this process. The rapid economic development in the 19th century also brought in a lot of migrant population from the rural areas into a city ill-equipped to deal with them [1]. This provides usShow MoreRelatedCapital City Of Maharashtra955 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: Mumbai, the capital city of Maharashtra, experienced unprecedented floods on 26th and 27th July 2005 bringing the entire city to standstill for two days. In span of 24 hours the Santa Cruz observatory at Mumbai airport recorded 944 mm of rain, which is highest recorded data for city in a day. The flood caused direct economic damages of about $2 billion and over 500 fatalities. The flood also caused several infrastructural damages, over 2,000 buildings were completely destroyed and 50,000Read MoreAcute Urbanization And The City Of Mumbai1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe year 2010 is estimated to mark the transition of a majority (50.6%) of the world‟s population from rural to urban. UNPD. (2007) The most alarming implications of rapid urbanization include irrevocable alteration of local and global environments, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources and widening social equity gaps within urban areas. With the migration of masses from rural to urban ares cities are overcr owded and vulnerability and exposure aspects accruing it are in the state of changeRead MoreUrbanization in Developing Countries: India1732 Words   |  7 Pagesurbanization in developing countries like India has resulted in a significant increase of the urban population within the country. The historic label of ‘the country of villages’ defies the current state of Modern India. 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Beyond the technical and structural barriers lie ideological and cultural impediments that I will argue are borne in part from an idealized quest for modernity informedRead MoreUrbanization and Environmental Degradation3651 Words   |  15 PagesUrbanization amp; Environmental Degradation Analysis By Anupam Rozario - 26 Anupam Gogoi – 27 Anupam Verma – 28 ABSTRACT Urbanization refers to general increase in population and the amount of industrialization of a settlement. It includes increase in the number and extent of cities. It symbolizes the movement of people from rural to urban areas. Urbanization happens because of the increase in the extent and density of urban areas. Due to uncontrolled urbanization in IndiaRead MoreThe Impact Of Megacities On The World1731 Words   |  7 Pagestaking over the world, encompassing a larger surface area and accommodating a denser population than ever before. To qualify as a megacity, a city is required to have an excess of ten million people (‘Megacity’, 2015). Interestingly, out of the 35 megacities currently in existence, many exceed this population by millions (See Appendix 1) (‘Megacity’, 2015). As of 2015, the largest megacities in the world have a population of over 30 million—these numbers belong to Tokyo and Jakarta, two of the most rapidlyRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Urbanization And Developing Countries821 Words   |  4 PagesUrbanization can impact any country in the world in numerous ways. The effects urbanization can sometimes be beneficial but sometimes not depending on the type of country. Developing countries often find urbanization to be negative due to the increase of slums and unemployment rates, whereas developed countries see urbanization positive due to improvement and development. Although the developed countries favor urbanization it can still affect them negatively in which both developed and developing countriesRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation in Mumbai3954 Words   |  16 PagesENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN MUMBAI MICHAEL RAJU MARIADAS F09038 Contents INTRODUCTION 3 HISTORY 3 GEOGRAPHY 3 CLIMATE 4 CULTURE 4 CHRONICRead MorePoverty And Its Effect On Poverty1551 Words   |  7 Pagessituation and then a culture of poverty forms and is passed down from generation to generation making it nearly impossible for the cycle to end. A culture of poverty is especially evident in India. It is estimated that twenty one percent of the Indian population survives on one dollar and ninety cents a day. When assigning a statistic to the poverty in India, the percentage of people living in poverty is different with each source, varying from twenty all the way to fifty six percent of the 1.25 billionRead MoreThe Between China And India1863 Words   |  8 Pagesurbanise. As people began to make more money, they moved out of the city back into rural areas because they could afford the rural lifestyle. This is called counter urbanisation, it is shown in figure 4, London has had a decrease in their urban population ever since 1950 and it has kept slowly decreasing, and it is a good example of counter urban isation. This is also another reason as to why urbanisation is increasing slowly in MEDC’s, people moving into LEDC’s are urbanising to get out of poverty

Women Struggles By Nina Revoyr - 1481 Words

Student Name Professor Name Course Unit Date Women Struggles in History In her Novel, Southland, 2003, Nina Revoyr captures the struggles that women, especially those of the Asian American descent, have navigated through history. The novel provides interesting material on many fronts including aspects such as sexuality, multiracial and multigenerational family saga. The book is based upon three women characters with the main protagonist being a young Japanese American woman by the name of Jackie Ishida - a 25 year old law student in her last semester, her aunt Lois and her lesbian lover Laura, an African American woman. These three women in the book represent different aspects of women s struggles and the issues they have to confront in their day to day living. Southland presents the picture a young Asian American woman in her quest of trying to find out her true history and identity and which has exposed her to the larger world. In trying to resolve the inheritance issue of hi s deceased grandfather, Frank Sakai, Jackie as a character exposes other characters of similar struggles and who also have varying relationships amongst each other. The purpose of this paper will be to critically look into the struggles of the three women in the novel and to get lessons from the lives. The lives and struggles of Jackie and Lois will represent struggles of Asian American women while that of Laura willShow MoreRelatedA Contextualization of Nina Revoyrs Southland2670 Words   |  11 PagesSunshine and Noir in Historical Los Angeles: A Contextualization of Nina Revoyr’s Southland Nina Revoyr’s novel, Southland, provides a glimpse into the injustice, scandal, and struggle in Los Angeles from the 1940s to the 1990s due to its racial composition. The novel contains a unique cast of characters who, although often times interact with conflict, are forced to live side-by-side one another in their separate attempts to attain the American Dream. Southland takes its readers on a journeyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Southland By Nina Revoyr1578 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success† (Henry Ford). In the novel Southland by Nina Revoyr, due to the injustices and struggles that characters face, they are forced to come together in the face of adversity and times of conflict in order to achieve their vision of the American Dream. With Los Angeles set as the stage, we as readers are taken through a series of trials and tribulations during the 1940s to 1990s, which uncover the tru e characteristicsRead MoreAcknowledging Postpartum Depression. Years Ago, There Was1392 Words   |  6 Pageshealth of someone dealing with this diagnosis. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the main character is given phosphates, tonics, and told to get air and exercise and journeys, and is absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until she is well again. (Kennedy, Gioia, and Revoyr 1035). Physicians recommended this method of treatment at the time. While these suggestions may offer minimal relief, they will not cure the depression. Postpartum depression was treated as something not to be discussed and because of this, there

Method To Continue Unaltered Equivalently - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Method To Continue Unaltered Equivalently? Answer: Introduction It is the role of the management to take a vital decision in regard to the functioning of the company and it can be done with the aid of proper tools and techniques. The management has the option to use tools such as scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, simulation and break even that helps in driving at a conclusion. It needs to be noted that capital budgeting technique is important as it stress upon selection of various investment proposals and the tools mentioned below are important to the organization so that the best selection can be made. The major emphasis of the task is with the tools and technique in the process of decision making. Sensitivity Analysis method can be interpreted as the statistical method, useful in analyzing the consequential alterations from the expected assessment of the value. The capital budgeting can be analyzed by studying in the current study. Sensitivity analysis is about determining and assessing the value by which one can revamp the information input to derive the result in a linear-programming method to continue unaltered equivalently (Correia et. al, 2005). The process is helpful in justifying sensitivity in the information provided and used in calculating the much-needed levels at every input to support the authorities in the decision-making process by providing much-needed recommendations and simultaneously constructive in finally examine the intensity of information acknowledged. Sensitivity analysis and application in the capital budgeting process. Sensitivity analysis concept assists in identifying the aspects of divergent values of independent variables upon the dependent variables under various conditions. Apart from that, capital budgeting method is a process to figure out a project to decide on to the project to be carried out or leave. While analyzing an individual project, only financial aspect is considered by the management of a company in the capital budgeting process, whereas in case of sensitivity analysis method both financial and non-financial aspects are simultaneously taken into consideration by the management of the organization (Kan Zhang, 1999). That is why management of an organization prefers sensitivity analysis concept over capital budgeting system while evaluating the financial strength of a project under consideration (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). It can be said that management of the company determines and get the sense of the success chances of a project by examining the project through sensitivity anal ysis system. Sensitivity analysis concept can be defined as a process in identifying and budgeting the cash inflow and outflow of the project by taking into consideration some fundamental factors such as current economic situation, the rate of inflation and interest rate scenario. Sensitivity analysis can be better defined with the help of IRR and NPV system (Kandel Stambaugh, 1995). For example, if the management of a company distinguish that net present value (NPV) of a particular project is in negative, then the chances of failure of the project is much high, that indicates that companys management should not invest into the project, but when the management of the organization examine a project and find that the IRR is 12%, whereas the cost of capital is 6% only, it implies that IRR is much higher than the cost of capital. Therefore, there is much more chances or probability that the project under consideration will be suitable and will be profitable for the company because of a higher rate o f return that company can realize by investing into the project to improve the financial aspects of the company and investors. Scenario analysis concept and application in the capital budgeting process. Scenario analysis is a procedure defined as a process of analyzing a project taking into consideration fundamental factors and expectations or can be defined that the scenario analysis is the procedure of evaluating a project taking into consideration different variety of circumstances. Berk and Van put forth views that the management of a company analyzing a Project going through all possible alternative outcome by considering scenario analysis method. By considering all the risk factors attached to the project can be identified by the experts and the management under scenario analysis is always helpful as mentioned by Habibi and Habibi in its report. Under the guidance of the scenario analysis, the management of the organization can evaluate and judge the impact of any adverse situation on the project undertaken by the management of the company (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). Take the example of Coles Limited, the management of the company carry out the scenario analysis to determine th e undermine risks rate of return on capital employed in the project under consideration. Hence, this method is employed by the company in the decision-making process and is an important weapon in the hand of the company. Scenario analysis can be considered as the method of estimating the expected value of portfolio for a given period. This process allows using in predicting the actual fluctuations in price and amount of the securities in the portfolio or any changes happened due to interest rate scenarios (Abor, 2017). It is utmost important to take a step to conduct the scenario analysis of the project before investing into the project. The company can take IPR and NPV into consideration while conducting scenario analysis in the project to take stock of different rates regarding cost of capital involved, simultaneously the officers involved in the process of conducting scenario analysis can also determine the IPR and NPV during the period of high inflation scenario and determine the cost of capital in the situation of depression in the economic situation in the market (Abor, 2017). Scenario analysis process through capital budgeting method also extend support and help the management of the company in overseeing the businesslike analysis into the project under consideration enabling the management of the company in taking an appropriate decision quickly and in the end justifying the investment into the project. The above graph indicates the proposal scenario versus the normal business and this helps in knowing the project feasibility. Accordingly, the selection of the project can be done. Simulation Tracking of the probability distribution, random numbers is done on the basis of statistics which are collectively known as Simulation. This process is followed so as to detect the risks earlier. In the given case, the manager repeats a mathematical method innumerable time which includes elements of the cash flow so as to earn profits (Brealey et. al, 2015). Thus, it is a better way which provides a clear vision of the future profits. Variable values can be determined by the generation of random numbers and evaluate the probability distribution for the cash inflows and outflows. The alteration of the variable value is followed by their recording into the model so as to generate the NVP. Repetition of this method easily produces the probability distribution of the NVPB (Brealey et. al, 2015). The risks and threats involved in the discounted cash flows can be easily detected by following the simulation process which is a powerful spreadsheet item. This process analyses all the possible combination of different variable and thus reaches to a more positive conclusion better than the sensitivity and scenario analysis. This process finds its most use in traditional capital budgeting in which the repetition of the process of generation of random numbers with the probability distribution is followed to conclude different outputs related to the NVP of a particular project which depicts a particular strategic system. The simulation process strengthens the decision made by the manager by analyzing the used model or any other authorized information so as to view the working of the whole system. The simulation process is a mathematical formula by the use of which managers are able to find the chief variables that provide a bright clarification of the bond between the chief highlighte d variables and a variety of occasional scenarios. The working of this type of method is seen to be completely based on the data or the records which have been previously tracked and kept for later use and also the use of the chief and crucial variables whose values have been previously deduced. The main function of this process is to positively affect the decisions made by the manager with evidence (Da et. al, 2012). Evidence about the threats prevailing in the project like risk return trade off are marked in attention to the manager while the vague estimates are tried to be eliminated. Thus, the process of simulation provides the manager to take a more practical and real decision so as to decide the profitability of the undertaken project. Break even analysis Cost accounting and capital budgeting are the two sectors which mark the use of break even analysis so as to calculate the profit earnings estimates and the quantity of stock in a undertaken particular project or production line. This type of analysis is used to set a breakeven point which is generally referred to as a state when the company has no net income. This means that the cost of the company is aligned with its revenue. The revenue matches the cost and hence, is an important update for the management of the future course of activities (Vaitilingam, 2010). But this analysis is far more useful than just this simple definition. A thorough use of this analysis can enable one to gain information about certain variables and behavior of some costs. The nature of various cost can be known with ease with the help of this technique. This mentioned analysis helps the owner of the company to separate the costs in variable and fixed sectors through deep study and detection. The basic formula for break-even analysis is as follows: BEQ = Fixed cost/ (P-VC) Where BEQ Break-evenquantity FC Total fixed costs P Average price per unit, and VC Variable costs per unit Costs independent of the alteration of the sales such as equipment leases, insurance, interest on borrowed funds, and administrative salaries are included in the fixed costs category. Moving on to the category of variable costs, this section comprises of direct labor, raw materials, sales commissions, and delivery expenses, but these values are such that are affected by the alteration in sales (Brigham Daves, 2012). The Contribution Margin can be defined as a crucial module of break-even analysis. This can be evaluated or described by the following procedure: product or service's price (P) minus variable costs (VC) per unit sold. It is the incremental or marginal analysis that includes the contribution margin concept in it. It keeps a track record of the extra revenue and costs that which is used in association with the latter supplementary element (Damodaran, 2010). The evaluation of the contribution margin is the first rule in deciding the level of sales for a small business to set a break even, this can be made by deducting the variable costs per unit from the selling price. For instance, if X is $50 and variable cost stands at $25, the contribution margin is $25. The succeeding rule is to divide the total annual fixed costs by the contribution margin. For instance, a company with a fixed cost of $40,000 and a contribution margin of $25 has to sell 4,000 units to set up a breakeven point. It would be easy to alter this amount to revenue for the company which could set a break even for the year (Guerard, 2013). As per the given case, a BEQ of 4000 unitsmultiplied byan X of $25 per unit produces break-even revenue of $100,000. It provides the manager to separate the costs into fixed and variable categories. Capital budgeting aligned with break even analysis can put up estimates of the profit making probability of the undertaken project. It provides a vision of the future survival of the project and whether to invest in such a project or not (Ferris et. al, 2010). Fixed Costs Variable Costs Labor 3000 Flour 0.3 Rent 3000 Mustard 0.04 insurance 900 Water 0.03 Promotions 600 Butter 3 Fees 500 Cheese 0.5 Total 8000 Total 3.87 The variable cost stands at $3.87 or more indicating that the coverage cost can be done with ease. But, if the burger charge is raised to $10 for the finished goods then $6.13 will be received in addition to the fixed cost and hence the restaurant will receive profit. Recommendation The above study clearly projects that the companys management can undertake any of the technique depending upon the nature of the project. The suitability of the tool and its implication will determine the decision-making process of the company. The project feasibility can be known with ease with the aid of capital budgeting mechanisms like NPV and IRR. The above study clearly defines that the tools are of potent use when it comes to management decision making. However, the selection of the tool should be completely based upon the nature of the project and feasibility. References Abor, J.Y 2017, Evaluating Capital Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting, InEntrepreneurial Finance for MSMEs, Springer International Publishing. Brealey, R. A, Myers, S. A Marcus, A. J., 2015, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 8th ed, Australia: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Correia, C, Mayall, P, O'Grady, B Pang, J., 2005, Corporate Financial Management, 2nd ed. Perth: Skystone Investments Pty Ltd. Da, Z., Guo, R.J. Jagannathan, R 2012, CAPM for estimating the cost of equity capital: Interpreting the empirical evidence, Journal of Financial Economics vol. 103, pp. 204220 Damodaran, A 2010, Applied Corporate Finance: A Users Manual, New York: John Wiley Sons Ferris, S.P., Noronha, G. Unlu, E 2010, The more, merrier: an international analysis of the frequency of dividend payment, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 14870. Guerard, J. 2013,Introduction to financial forecasting in investment analysis, New York, NY: Springer. Kan, R. Zhang, C 1999, Two-pass tests of asset pricing models with useless factors, Journal of Finance, vol. 54, pp. 203-235. Kandel, S. Stambaugh, R.F 1995, Portfolio inefficiency and the cross-section of expected returns, Journal of Finance, vol. 50, pp. 157-184. Vaitilingam, R 2010, The Financial Times Guide to Using the Financial Pages, London: FT Prentice Hall.

Morality In Cat On A Hot Tin Roof Essays - Cat On A Hot Tin Roof

Morality In Cat On A Hot Tin Roof The dominant morality in Tennessee Williams' ?Cat on a Hot Tin Roof? can not be discussed in terms of a single, easy-to-understand theme. Rather, I detected a number of disturbing themes in this play which, unfortunately, also seem to be present in our modern society. These themes explain much of the behavior we see today, both in our elected officials and in our own private lives. They include the willingness to engage in back-stabbing and flattery to get what we want, the attempt to escape reality by indulging in alcohol and drugs, the tendency for married couples to remaining together in meaningless or even violent relationships, and the tendency of people who become materially wealthy to turn into total jackasses. One of the most obvious moral conflicts in ?Cat on a Hot Tin roof? is visible in the campaign by Gooper and Mae to gain the favor of Big Daddy, while at the same time discrediting Brick and Margaret. They try to twist the facts in order to portray themselves to Big Dadd y as the most qualified heirs for the inheritance. For instance, they try to imply that just because they have five children (with a sixth on the way), they are therefore responsible family people who will take good care of the plantation. At the same time, they cleverly argue that because Brick and Margaret have no children, they would not be responsible in managing a large estate. Gooper and Mae act as a public relations team, flattering Big Daddy while tearing down their competitors at every opportunity. The excel in back-stabbing and flattery, yet they are always careful to maintain the appearance of being polite and civilized. To a lesser extent, we also see the same theme of hypocritical behavior on the part of Reverend Tooker and Doctor Baugh, both of whom engage in flattering Big Daddy in the hopes that he will include them in his will. I don't think we have to look very far in our own world to see the consequences of a society which approves of back-stabbing and flattery as a way of ?getting ahead.? All the world's newspaper headlines are full of stories on a daily basis of politicians and other individuals in positions of responsibility who abuse and betray the people who count on them. And along with the growth of professional liars (politicians) we've also seen an explosive growth in numbers of lawyers whose job, of course, is to write lots of ?fine print? to hold each of us accountable, because nobody's word of honor means anything any more. Another dominant moral theme in this play, is the willingness of married partners to exploit and hurt each other. We see this unhealthy attitude toward marriage between Brick and Margaret. For instance, Brick reminds Margaret that they are living together only because she has agreed that they do so in name only. When Margaret complains that this sort of phony relationship is not what marriage should be all about, Brick coldly suggests that she go out and have an affair to keep herself sexually satisfied. Marga ret, to her credit, is not willing to pursue this sort of shallow relationship. She tells him that she wishes to have a normal sexual and loving relationship with him, but that until that time she would prefer to remain ?a cat on a hot tin roof,? being frustrated and angry with the whole situation but hopeful that things will change. Brick, however, as in the case of so many alcoholic wife-abusers, does not appreciate the devoted mate he has in Margaret. He is bitter and cold, and expresses his amazement that Margaret could possibly want to have a child with a man who hates her. However, amazingly, Margaret stays with him in spite of his abuse. In the real world today, we also see many relationships in which couples do not show each other the respect they should. Men continue to batter and abuse women, and society doesn't seems to really care. On the other hand, many married women feel helpless or financially dependent and so they stay married to total jerks, hoping against hope tha t they can ?change